A practical pattern for monorepo CI with path filters, matrix builds, caching, and deployment guards that keep feedback fast as teams scale.

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GitHub Actions for Monorepos: Fast CI Without Pipeline Chaos

Monorepos improve shared ownership and cross-service refactoring, but CI pipelines can become slow and expensive when every pull request runs every job. The fix is not one giant workflow file. The fix is a clear build contract with targeted execution, predictable caching, and strict release gates.

Core Pattern #

Use three layers:

Change detection to decide which services are impacted.
Targeted build/test matrix for only those services.
Protected deploy workflows that run only from trusted branches and environments.

Example: Detect Changed Services #

yaml.yaml

name: ci
on:
  pull_request:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  detect:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    outputs:
      services: ${{ steps.set.outputs.services }}
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - id: set
        run: |
          CHANGED=$(git diff --name-only origin/main...HEAD | cut -d/ -f1,2 | sort -u)
          SERVICES=$(echo "$CHANGED" | grep '^services/' | cut -d/ -f2 | jq -R -s -c 'split("\n")[:-1]')
          echo "services=$SERVICES" >> $GITHUB_OUTPUT

This keeps you from building unrelated applications when docs or other folders change.

Example: Matrix Testing for Only Changed Apps #

yaml.yaml

  test:
    needs: detect
    if: ${{ needs.detect.outputs.services != '[]' }}
    strategy:
      matrix:
        service: ${{ fromJson(needs.detect.outputs.services) }}
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: 22
          cache: npm
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm run lint --workspace=services/${{ matrix.service }}
      - run: npm run test --workspace=services/${{ matrix.service }}

Example: Deployment Guard #

yaml.yaml

if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' && github.event_name == 'push'

Pair this with protected environments and manual approvals for production.

Practical Tips #

Keep shared workflows in reusable workflow files.
Cache dependencies, but include lockfile hash in cache keys.
Use concurrency groups to cancel stale PR runs.
Fail fast on lint and type checks before heavy integration suites.

With this model, monorepo CI stays fast as service count grows.

GitHub Actions for Monorepos: Fast CI Without Pipeline Chaos

GitHub Actions for Monorepos: Fast CI Without Pipeline Chaos

Core Pattern #

Example: Detect Changed Services #

Example: Matrix Testing for Only Changed Apps #

Example: Deployment Guard #

Practical Tips #

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GitHub Actions for Monorepos: Fast CI Without Pipeline Chaos

Core Pattern#

Example: Detect Changed Services#

Example: Matrix Testing for Only Changed Apps#

Example: Deployment Guard#

Practical Tips#

Stay Updated

Azure DevOps Best Practices in 2026: Build Pipelines You Can Trust

Platform Engineering with Backstage: Build a Useful Developer Portal

More from DevOps

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OpenTelemetry Collector Pipelines: Real Configs That Survived Production

Blue/Green Deploys for Stateful Services: A Postgres Cutover Story

About Kiril Urbonas

You might have missed

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Prompt Engineering Best Practices: Maximizing LLM Performance

Core Pattern #

Example: Detect Changed Services #

Example: Matrix Testing for Only Changed Apps #

Example: Deployment Guard #

Practical Tips #