Practical DevOps, Cloud, AI & Linux engineering guides
Terraform Plan Wants to Recreate Your Production Database? Read This First
The plan says -/+ next to your RDS instance and one attribute ends in "forces replacement". Why it happens, how to undo it without data loss, and the CI gate that stops it reaching apply.
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Argo CD App Always OutOfSync? Find the Field, Then Fix It
The sync succeeds, the app goes green for a second, then OutOfSync again. Almost always a controller is changing a field Git also sets. How to find it and the three fixes, in order of preference.
Kubernetes HPA Not Scaling? The 7 Causes, in Order
The HorizontalPodAutoscaler is up, traffic is spiking, and replicas won't move. Seven causes in the order we check them, each with the command that confirms it.
How to Stop Anyone From Deleting Your Production Database
GitLab lost six hours of data to one command on the wrong host. Linear lost five hours to one TRUNCATE CASCADE in a reviewed migration. The six guardrails that make that kind of mistake hard to make and cheap to recover from.
Your AWS Bill Just Spiked: The First-Hour Runbook
A scary number on the AWS bill is an incident, not a finance question. What to check in the first ten minutes, how to find the line item with two CLI queries, and when to stop the bleeding before you understand it.
Kubelet Won't Start After Upgrading to Kubernetes 1.35? It's cgroup v1
Since Kubernetes 1.35 the kubelet refuses to start on cgroup v1 nodes by default. How to check every node in one command, the safe migration, and the temporary override with an expiry date.
GitHub Actions Security: 7 Fixes After the Trivy Compromise
In March 2026 an attacker force-pushed 76 trivy-action tags to an infostealer that read secrets straight out of runner memory. Seven fixes that would have contained it, in the order we'd apply them.
Do You Need Kubernetes in 2026? A Decision Framework
Kubernetes is the right answer for fewer teams than run it. Five questions that tell you whether you need it, and what to run instead when you don't.
12 Scenario-Based DevOps Interview Questions (With Answers)
Senior DevOps interviews have moved from definitions to "it's 2 a.m. and this is broken". Twelve real scenarios, what the interviewer is testing, and the answer that gets the offer.
DevOps Engineer Roadmap 2026: What to Learn, in Order
Most DevOps roadmaps are a wall of logos. This one is an order of operations, with a project that proves each stage and the topics you can safely skip in year one.
OpenAI Model Shutdowns: gpt-4o and gpt-4.1 Go Dark Jan 14, 2027
OpenAI shut down o1, o3-mini, o4-mini and gpt-4-turbo on October 23, and the gpt-4o and gpt-4.1 families follow on January 14. Here is the full calendar and a migration plan that won't break production.
GitHub Actions Workflow Lockfiles: Pin Every Action, Including the Ones You Can't See
GitHub now records the exact commit of every direct and transitive action in .github/workflows/actions.lock. Here is how to adopt it, what it fixes that SHA pinning never did, and where it still leaks.
AI Agents Write 30% More Code. Teams Don't Ship More.
A Harvard study of 718 firms found coding agents raise code output 30% while shipped work barely moves. The gains are stuck in code review. Here is how to unstick them.